Respiration in Crab & sapia
Out of several million species living on earth, few can survive in both air and water. The crustaceans are members of this elite group, and they deserve particular attention for most rely on the same respiratory structure, the gill, in both media (Wolvenkamp and Waterman, 1960). Moreover, the gill chamber is ventilated in basically the same way in both water and air; the tiny respiratory appendage, the scaphognathite, beats water or air through the gill chamber, drawing the fluid in along the edge of the carapace and expelling it out of openings near the mouth. Only in highly specialized air breathers does the lining of the gill chamber begin to take on the characteristics of a lung (Diaz and Rodriguez, 1977; Taylor and Greenway, 1979). Respiration in water and air presents different problems. Oxygen uptake is considerably more expensive in water because of the medium’s density, viscosity and low capacitance for 02, demanding high ventilation requirements (Dejours, 1981). Carbon dioxide removal is accomplished more readily in water because of the gas’s high solubility in the medium. This results in a lower Pco2 in water breathers and a different strategy of acid-base balance than in air (Cameron, 1979; Dejours, 1978; Rahn, 1966). Respiratory control differs as well. Water breathers are sensitive to changes in ambient 0, while air breathers respond more readily to changes in COZ. These principles have emerged largely from investigation of vertebrates (Rahn and Howell, 1976). Studies on crustacean respiration tend to support their general application (see Cameron, 198lb and Taylor, 1982)The Respiratory System:
Oxygen is very important to all living organisms. It is used to generate energy to the cells in our body which allows us to function properly . So basically, oxygen is the battery to our lives. Once the oxygen is inside our bodies, it goes down the lungs and into the pulmonary vein which takes the oxygen in to the heart. The heart spreads the oxygen throughout the body. Once the oxygenated blood is is spread throughout the body, the deoxygenated blood goes through the heart and back up the lungs, this is what you breathe out, Carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is basically what we release as a waste product of respiration.
Blue Crabs, like any other crab, uses their gills to obtain oxygen under and above the water. The oxygen can be both dissolved into water, and diffused into the moisture in the air because the blue crab is both a land and water species. Crustaceans such as the blue crab, receive oxygen just like humans do, except that instead of using the lungs, they use their gills. The oxygen goes in through the crabs eight gills on each side of its body and after it has entered the body, it is sent to the heart which sends the oxygen out to the rest of the body's organs. Crustaceans such as lobsters and crabs like the blue crabs use a protein called hemocynanin to carry oxygen throughout their body, using blood cells called hemocytes, which is found in their immune system. The gills are the main body structure used in the the process of gas exchange. The gills must work properly and efficiently, especially when the crab is underwater because the mount of oxygen in water is 1/20th the amount in air. Because of this, it is important for the crabs to move around in the water, in order to receive the maximum amount of oxygen through their gills. The crab uses the counter current flow to allow the maximum amount of oxygen in their body and release the maximum amount of deoxidized water through the capillaries that are found inside of the gills.
Blue Crabs, like any other crab, uses their gills to obtain oxygen under and above the water. The oxygen can be both dissolved into water, and diffused into the moisture in the air because the blue crab is both a land and water species. Crustaceans such as the blue crab, receive oxygen just like humans do, except that instead of using the lungs, they use their gills. The oxygen goes in through the crabs eight gills on each side of its body and after it has entered the body, it is sent to the heart which sends the oxygen out to the rest of the body's organs. Crustaceans such as lobsters and crabs like the blue crabs use a protein called hemocynanin to carry oxygen throughout their body, using blood cells called hemocytes, which is found in their immune system. The gills are the main body structure used in the the process of gas exchange. The gills must work properly and efficiently, especially when the crab is underwater because the mount of oxygen in water is 1/20th the amount in air. Because of this, it is important for the crabs to move around in the water, in order to receive the maximum amount of oxygen through their gills. The crab uses the counter current flow to allow the maximum amount of oxygen in their body and release the maximum amount of deoxidized water through the capillaries that are found inside of the gills.
Cellular Respiration
The formula for cellular respiration is C6H1206 + 6O2---> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy. What produces the energy is ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is a chemical bond. When a phosphate bond is broken, the energy is released and ATP turns into ADP. However, then another phosphate is added and it is ATP again. This cycle continues on endlessly. This is what allows organisms to breathe and function.
